Exosomes are particles secreted by skin cells and other organs into the intercellular space in the form of tiny droplets. They are extremely small—up to a million times smaller than the thickness of a human hair.

Exosomes carry bioactive substances between cells, including peptides, lipids, nucleic acids, growth factors, and other signaling molecules. These transmit information between cells and promote regeneration and healing, regulate the immune system, reduce oxidative stress, and improve overall cell health. All of this is crucial in treating conditions involving inflammation, poor circulation, scarring, immune system dysfunction, or increased oxidative stress.

Cells that are old, damaged, or poorly functioning are not only linked to aging but can also contribute to the development of various diseases. Repairing such cells with exosomes can restore their function and ultimately lead to improved cellular and tissue health.

In aesthetic medicine, exosomes are used in cosmetics, anti-aging prevention, and the treatment of various conditions in orthopedics, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular conditions, kidney disorders, autoimmune diseases, and others.

An exosome is essentially an ultra-small carrier of active molecules that, due to its tiny size, penetrates the skin quickly and delivers its contents—and the information they carry—directly into skin cells.

The transmission of information between cells can influence:

• Skin cell regeneration

• Accelerated healing

• Skin rejuvenation

• Increased collagen production

• Reduction of fine lines and wrinkles

• Improved skin elasticity

• Reduced pore size

• Decreased hyperpigmentation

• Enhanced skin tone, quality, and texture

The type and content of exosomes depend on their origin. The safest types are plant-derived exosomes and those created through bioengineering. The use of human-derived exosomes from umbilical cord blood is not permitted in aesthetic medicine. In the USA, exosomes from bovine umbilical cord blood are used in creams. The idea behind this is that such exosomes carry many signaling molecules that promote tissue growth.

What are the effects of exosome use in aesthetic dermatology?

Exosome therapy is the latest technology for skin rejuvenation and hair loss treatment.

After using exosomes for facial skin rejuvenation, wrinkles, acne scars, and pigmentation spots are reduced, giving the skin a smoother and younger appearance. The use of exosomes specifically designed for treating hair loss stimulates hair growth and prevents shedding, resulting in thicker and denser hair.

At Derma Center Maribor/Rogaška, we use two types of exosomes: one derived from plants and the other synthesized using bioengineering. Their use is safe and effective, causing no allergies. They do not contain harmful substances, fragrances, sulfates, silicones, or parabens and can be used with microneedling.

It has been found that plant-derived exosomes carry strong antioxidants—superoxide dismutase, glutathione, catalase, vitamin C, melatonin, and phenolic compounds. These influence genes that regulate skin aging, support skin regeneration, and help maintain the skin barrier. All of this contributes to overall skin health.

How many exosome treatments are needed to improve skin and hair?

This question is difficult to answer precisely, as the improvement depends on several factors: the underlying condition and severity of symptoms, age, general health, and other individual factors that affect treatment efficacy. During the consultation, the doctor will assess whether the therapy is appropriate for your concerns and how many sessions might be needed for visible improvement.

What does the exosome procedure in aesthetic dermatology look like?

Currently, exosomes are used in two ways: in cosmetic creams for at-home use, and in treatments performed in medical centers by applying exosome serum to the skin via massage and/or microneedling. Injecting exosomes into the skin using fine needles is not permitted in the EU.

How long does it take to see the effects of exosome therapy?

Every person is different, and individual characteristics affect the results of medical procedures and treatments. Exosomes are no exception. Just like with any medical procedure, there is no guarantee about when or to what extent the results will appear. Some patients see effects immediately, while others notice changes 1–6 months after the therapy.

Most patients observe improvement after two to three sessions, as it takes time for cells to activate in response to the exosome signals.

Can exosomes cause cancer or allergic reactions?

Exosomes do not contain DNA, so they cannot trigger cancer. They also lack surface allergens and do not cause allergic reactions.

Who is not a suitable candidate for exosome therapy?

Generally, individuals are not suitable if they have uncontrolled metabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes or thyroid disease), active skin inflammation at the treatment site, are taking cancer medications, anti-inflammatory drugs, or have diseases that result in reduced immune function.